Types of Stress in Engineering
Here are some of the types of stresses in engineering are as follows,
Tensile Stress:
When a body is subjected to under the tensile force (pull), the stress produced is called as tensile stress.
σt = P/A
where,
P = tensile force
A = cross section area
Compressive Stress:
When a body is subjected to under the compressive force (push), the stress produced is called compressive stress.
σc = P/A
where,
P = compressive force
A = cross section area
Bending Stress:
When the beam (machine part) is subjected to bending moment (m), the producing stress is called as bending stress.
Flexible Bending Stress Formula,
M/I = σb/y = E/R
where,
M = bending movement
I = M.I. of section
σb = bending stress in layer
y = distance of layer
E = young’s modulus of the material
R = radius of curvature
Transverse Shear Stress:
When the section is subjected to two equal and opposite forces acting tangentially to the section, the producing stress is known as transverse shear stress.
For example, such as rivet joint in which the producing stress in rivet is transverse shear stress.
τ = P/A = P/πd2/4
where,
P = applied force
D = diameter of rivet
Torsional Shear Stress:
When the machine part is under the action of twisting movement (torque), the stress setup is called as torsional shear stress.
Torsional Formula,
T/Ip = τ/R = Cθ/L
where,
T = twisting movement or torque
Ip = Polar M.I.
Τ = shear stress
R = radius of shaft
C = modulus of rigidity of material
Θ = angle of twist
L = length of shaft
Crushing Stress:
It is a compressive stress at the surface of contact between the two members of a machine parts, which are relatively at rest is known as crushing stress.
For example, such as rivet joints, cotter joints, knuckle joints, etc.
σck = P/A = P/πdt
Bearing Stress:
It is a compressive stress at the surface of contact between the two members of a machine part, which have relative motion between them.
For examples such as Journal support is bearings, cramping, piston pin, crank pin, etc.
